In the modern digital age, the spread and development of information technologies have a significant impact on our daily lives. The widespread use of the internet, social media, online banking services, email, and other digital platforms has made personal data protection a priority issue. Cybersecurity refers to the methods, technologies, and practices aimed at protecting digital information from cyberattacks, data breaches, and unauthorized access.
In this article, we will discuss the importance of cybersecurity, the principles of personal data protection, common threats, and ways to prevent them.
What is Cybersecurity and Why is it Important?
Cybersecurity involves the protection of computer networks, devices, software, servers, databases, and user data from malicious attacks. It is especially important because every individual or organization has digital assets that need to be protected for personal privacy, financial security, and the smooth operation of businesses.
The importance of cybersecurity has become particularly evident with the intense use of digital services. Today, cybercriminals can use various methods to steal users’ personal information, financial accounts, corporate confidential data, and important documents from governmental institutions.
Ensuring cybersecurity is not only a technological issue but also a legal and moral obligation that applies to both individuals and organizations.
Personal Data Protection
Personal data includes any information that can be used to identify an individual. This includes:
- First name, last name, date of birth
- Phone number, email address
- Passport or identification card details
- Banking and payment card information
- Social media accounts and passwords
Personal data protection is important because its disclosure or misuse can lead to financial losses, violations of privacy, and the risk of becoming a victim of cybercrime.
Common Cyber Threats
The main threats to cybersecurity are:
- Phishing – A deceptive method used by criminals to steal passwords, banking details, or other sensitive information from users through fake emails, websites, or messages.
- Malware – Harmful software that includes viruses, trojans, spyware applications, and other malicious codes that can be downloaded onto a computer or mobile device.
- Ransomware – A program that locks the user’s files and demands money to restore them.
- DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) Attacks – A method where hackers send a large number of requests to a website to take it offline.
- Social Engineering – Psychological manipulation techniques used to deceive people into voluntarily providing their personal information.
- Unauthorized Access – A situation where hackers infiltrate a network or device without the user’s permission.
How to Protect Yourself from Cyber Attacks
To enhance your cybersecurity level, it is necessary to follow a series of simple yet effective measures:
- Use strong passwords – Choose complex passwords that include uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters. Avoid easily guessable passwords like “123456”, “password”, or your name.
- Enable two-factor authentication (2FA) – This is an extra layer of protection that requires a second confirmation (e.g., via SMS or an app) after entering your password.
- Don’t open suspicious emails and links – If you receive a suspicious email from an unknown source, do not open any attachments or links.
- Regularly update software – Regular updates for operating systems, antivirus programs, and applications ensure the latest level of protection.
- Use antivirus programs – A good antivirus program can prevent viruses and malicious software from infiltrating your devices.
- Do not share personal information with strangers – Never provide your personal or financial data unless you trust the person or organization.
- Use VPN services – If you often use public Wi-Fi networks, a VPN will help protect your data from cyberattacks.
- Manage social media privacy settings – Limit who can see your personal data and posts on social networks.
Legal Regulations
In Armenia and internationally, a number of laws have been adopted aimed at protecting users’ personal data. In Armenia, the legal relations concerning personal data protection are regulated by the “Law on Personal Data Protection,” which sets the rules for the processing, storage, and use of personal data.
Personal data protection legal relations are also governed by international documents, with the European Union’s GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) being particularly significant. It obliges organizations to protect user data and ensure its security.
Cybersecurity and personal data protection have become a priority for everyone who uses the internet. Since digital threats continue to evolve, it is important to follow best security practices, stay informed about new threats, and implement modern protective measures. Proper protection of personal data helps reduce risks, prevent financial losses, and maintain the confidentiality of personal information.
